By Julianne Smith and Lindsey Ford
American allies are rapidly transforming their relationships whether Washington likes it or not; these networks can either serve or undermine U.S. interests depending on how Washington engages with them. If the United States fails to reset ties with Asian and European partners, it risks being left on the sidelines of a rapidly changing world order.
By Udaibir Das
What began as a spread on a bond has become a spread across the sovereign balance sheet. The 2025 annual meetings have made clear that incremental adjustments will not suffice. Until new institutions and norms emerge, sovereigns will continue to pay in basis points and in ownership and discover that what the premium buys is not sovereignty, but postponement.
Background Paper No. 35
By Udaibir Das and Hansika Nath
Increased malicious cyber activities by criminals and state actors undermine the technical security of digital systems and threaten the industrial, social, and economic systems that rely on them.
Special Report
By Abagail Lawson
Originally published in the U.N. Open-ended Working Group on ICTs “zero draft” report, March 2021.
By Abagail Lawson, Anneleen Roggeman, Michael Depp, and Bruce McConnell
Observer Research Foundation America, 1100 17th St. NW, Suite 501, Washington DC 20036 USA
