
Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America conducts programs and research on strategic and security cooperation involving the United States, India, and their partners. Regional programming focuses on the Indo-Pacific, Europe, and the Middle East, as well as defense and national security issues, and cooperation on global democracy.
By Ammar Nainar
In a signal of the United States’ burden-sharing efforts, the Indian Ocean region was featured eight times in the latest U.S.-India joint statement between Indian prime minister Narendra Modi and U.S. president Donald Trump. To India and the United States, the Indian Ocean remains vital for trade and energy flows, for security competition given China’s growing naval activity, and for connectivity between Asia, Africa, and Europe.
By Sarral Sharma
Despite the evident commitment and keenness on the part of the Modi and Trump governments to cooperate on their mutual counter-terrorism priorities, there remain some obstacles.
By Dhruva Jaishankar
This week's visit by Ursula von der Leyen and the senior European Commission leadership to India represents a major opportunity to advance India-EU security, connectivity, mobility, trade, investment, and technology.
By Dhruva Jaishankar
While the details of any such dialogue remain notional, Trump’s comments underscored the necessity of having such a meeting early in his tenure to set the tone for bilateral India-U.S. relations over the next four years.
By Karan Bhasin
While we do know that global poverty has declined significantly over the last decade, with much of the decline coming from China and India, India’s contribution has not often been well understood or appreciated.
By Karan Bhasin
A small trade agreement today will help end uncertainty, allowing firms from the United States and India to make significant investments in reorienting supply chains.
By Natalie Boyse and Ammar Nainar
As officials plan new initiatives and prepare for the Quad Leaders’ Summit in India later this year, one area to explore further collaboration might involve Quad scenario planning exercises on Indo-Pacific security issues.
By Dhruva Jaishankar
It is possible to anticipate both a burgeoning U.S.-India partnership under a second Trump administration and some short, sharp tussles over a handful of important issues.
By Ammar Nainar
By extending concessionary loans to incentivize and settle trade in rupees, India’s central bank is learning from China’s experience in internationalizing its currency.
By Vivek Mishra
With Trump returning to the White House as the 47th President of the United States, his second term are likely to vastly differ from his first in the case of foreign policies towards Ukraine and Israel.
By Dhruva Jaishankar
With fundamental changes in China's domestic politics, economy, security posture, and strategic position, can India-China relations resume from its pre-2020 ties?
By Karan Bhasin
With China’s economy slowing down, many emerging markets that supply critical raw materials for global value chains operating through China have become extremely vulnerable.
By Ammar Nainar
The Quad is not abdicating responsibility against China as some skeptics allege. Rather, China’s military, diplomatic, and economic coercion provides the rationale for many of the Quad’s initiatives.
By Dhruva Jaishankar
With recent conflicts in Lebanon, Israel, and Gaza, how do they impact India and its policy in the Middle East?
By Natalie Boyse
Despite India's recent rising presence in geopolitics, many Americans are not paying attention to the nation itself due to outdated knowledge and assumptions.
By Ammar Nainar
A more careful examination of India’s military exercises today shows how they are indicative of India’s new diplomatic partnerships and priorities.
By Anit Mukherjee
What is the United Nations General Assembly and why does its theme for 2024, the Summit of the Future, matter for globalization?
By Dhruva Jaishankar
The revival of the global economy will stem from multilateral efforts to achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) despite indications pointing to increased economic competition.
By Nihal Chauhan
Well within his first 100 days of his third term, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi has already reaffirmed India-ASEAN relations with his most recent trip to Singapore as part of his Southeast Asia tour.
By Andreas Kuehn
With the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election taking place in less than 2 months, a recap of the Biden administration's efforts to achieve a "latticework" of international partnerships with like-minded allies is necessary as we look to the future of trade and technology cooperation.
By Satvik Pendyala
The revival of the Quad has yet to see success in international trade or more specifically rebalancing global supply chains. Could a Quad Technology Trade Agreement be the solution to the Quad's predicament while also increasing multilateral cooperation in the Indo-Pacific?
By Dhruva Jaishankar
Both the Republican and Democratic National Conventions commenced their programs this month, indicating the few months left for the 2024 U.S. presidential election. But little has been said about the candidates' approach to American foreign policy, especially regarding the future of the United States' relationship with China.
By Ammar Nainar
Narendra Modi became the first Indian prime minister to visit Ukraine this week, amid the backdrop of an ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia. But New Delhi and Kyiv have had a longer and wider association than many realize, dating back to the Soviet Union.
Recent Events:
By Dhruva Jaishankar
Learnings from Delhi’s past should help in shaping the future as India bets big on new critical technologies.
By Dhruva Jaishankar
The EU and India both have apprehensions about China’s economic and manufacturing supremacy threatening employment and businesses at home.
By Dhruva Jaishankar
Trump and Modi announced a wide-ranging agenda to take the bilateral relationship forward. It included efforts that built upon the progress made during the Biden administration, particularly in terms of technology, defense, and regional cooperation.
By Dhruva Jaishankar
Understandably, Germany will be preoccupied in the short term with Europe’s eastern and southern flanks, the transatlantic relationship, and the Middle East, but Berlin has important economic and security interests in the Indo-Pacific.
By Vivek Mishra
Indian leadership must remain cautious as "America First" will loom heavy on Trump's foreign policy. As transfer of technology is of high priority for India in defense collaborations, elements of this sector will likely be at odds with Trump’s agenda.
By Vivek Mishra
As India and CARICOM prepare for the next summit, this partnership promises to be a cornerstone of India’s expanded global engagement in the years to come.
By Vivek Mishra
How does the Indian Ocean fits into the United States’ broader assertion as a regional power, especially with the United States shifting to a more collaborative strategy that emphasizes shared leadership?
By Vivek Mishra
As the US judiciary continues to grapple with its internal divisions, the fallout from such cases similar to Gautam Adani’s situation will likely influence not only US-India relations but also the broader dynamics of international investment and diplomacy.
By Vivek Mishra
Trump’s victory potentially marks a shift on multiple fronts as his second administration will be intent on changing the focus of the US both internally and externally.
By Vivek Mishra
While Trump's choices reflect his desire for a loyal team, they also signal his intention to challenge traditional governance structures and pursue a different vision for America's future.
While there is no shortage of analysis and speculation of China’s capabilities and behavior today, it is imperative to keep an eye on longer-term developments and remain open to uncertainties that could shape China’s strategic outlook.
Joint Report
By Shikha Aggarwal, Divyank Chaudhary, Lily McElwee, Aaron Glasserman, Keshav Kelkar, Kento Mashiko, Takuya Matsuda, Helen Mitchell, Philip Rogers, Rena Sasaki, David Saultry, and Neil Thomas
Editors: Dhruva Jaishankar and Greg Brown
By Vivek Mishra
While the Indo-Pacific will continue to receive attention in U.S. policy circles, the approach under Trump may be two-pronged.
By Vivek Mishra
Trump’s recent reelection signals a possible shift in global stability, with a hardline stance on China and strategic alliances in the Indo-Pacific.
By Vivek Mishra
How might Trump’s second administration stay similar to and differ from his first term?
By Vivek Mishra
How have the Trump and Harris campaigns done so far in the views of the American public as Election Day nears?
By Vivek Mishra
What might America’s foreign policy with India look like if led by a Trump administration or a Harris administration?
By Vivek Mishra
How does India’s shift towards individualism impact its relationship with Washington as tensions with China grows?
By Vivek Mishra
How does the recent MQ-9B drone deal between India and the United States foster deeper defense and technology cooperation between the two countries?
By Vivek Mishra
As Washington navigates pressures in Latin America, it remains to be seen how the next U.S. administration will deal with Russia and China in America’s backyard.
By Vivek Mishra
External factors are likely to weigh heavily on US commitments in the Indo-Pacific under the next administration, which will in turn influence the evolution of the India-US security partnership.
By Vivek Mishra
Faced with low approval ratings, Justin Trudeau seems to be using foreign policy as a tool to distract from his domestic failures. Not just India, but another unresolved issue of Trudeau's tenure has been his handling of Chinese interference in Canadian elections.
By Vivek Mishra
As Arab-Americans hope for Harris’ distance from Netanyahu, currently, there isn’t much difference between Biden’s and Harris’ Middle-East approach, as she could inherit an increasingly volatile Gulf
By Dhruva Jaishankar
While the direct implications for India might be less than for others, the 2024 U.S. presidential election will undoubtedly have indirect effects on India.
By Sadiq Amini
Is Japan’s continued engagement with Afghanistan, especially with development projects, furthering the legitimacy of Taliban rule?
By Dhruva Jaishankar
Why should Indo-Pacific nations pay attention to the U.S. presidential election and what will a change in leadership mean for existing partnerships?
By Sadiq Amini
With the Taliban's return to power, Afghanistan is prone to rise of international terrorist groups just three years after the United States' withdrawal.
By Sadiq Amini
These days, Afghan democrats need a champion, and India, under Modi’s leadership, could be that champion – if New Delhi can correct course on its Afghanistan policy.
Background Paper No. 25
By Ammar Nainar