By Linda Nhon and Andreas Kuehn

Trump 2.0’s overall policy directions in critical and emerging technologies will likely hew to common expectations. The details, however, of what technologies the new administration will prioritise and how actions, such as tariffs and export controls for example, will affect the United States’ (US) innovation and technology leadership remains underexplored.

By Dhruva Jaishankar

Learnings from Delhi’s past should help in shaping the future as India bets big on new critical technologies.

By Udaibir Das

The key question is not whether the decline in aid and external assistance will push these economies towards more debt – it already does – but rather what kind of debt they will incur and what long-term implications it will bring.

By Dhruva Jaishankar

The EU and India both have apprehensions about China’s economic and manufacturing supremacy threatening employment and businesses at home. 

By Dhruva Jaishankar

Trump and Modi announced a wide-ranging agenda to take the bilateral relationship forward. It included efforts that built upon the progress made during the Biden administration, particularly in terms of technology, defense, and regional cooperation.

By Dhruva Jaishankar

Understandably, Germany will be preoccupied in the short term with Europe’s eastern and southern flanks, the transatlantic relationship, and the Middle East, but Berlin has important economic and security interests in the Indo-Pacific.

By Udaibir Das

As AI takes on a greater role in economic analysis and policy, an unsettling question arises: will its ability to recognise systemic risks with historical precedents weaken with a lack of immediate algorithmic reference?

Background Paper No. 30

By Veronica Jijon

By Udaibir Das

The world’s most populous democracy faces a turbulent landscape of geopolitical rivalries, technological shifts and the urgency of climate action. The question remains: will global economic forces propel India toward leadership or will they impede its ascent?

Background Paper No. 29

By Anit Mukherjee and Ashwini Joshi

By Udaibir Das

In 2024, Africa’s economic and political importance grew significantly, laying a strong foundation for 2025 to be a transformative year for the continent.

By Vivek Mishra

Indian leadership must remain cautious as "America First" will loom heavy on Trump's foreign policy. As transfer of technology is of high priority for India in defense collaborations, elements of this sector will likely be at odds with Trump’s agenda.

By Vivek Mishra

As India and CARICOM prepare for the next summit, this partnership promises to be a cornerstone of India’s expanded global engagement in the years to come.

This volume of short working papers is a product of ORF America’s U.S.-India Emerging Climate Leaders as they attempt to develop ideas around climate collaboration and communication for the United States and India.

Special Report

By Abigail Doerr, Amol Kapoor, Bhagyashri Kulkarni, Dhruva Jaishankar, Jonika Rathi, Karan Sinha, Lindsay Maizland, Medha Prasanna, Meenakshi Venkatraman, Miaoru Guan, Mridu Jhangiani, Pankaj Mahalle, Patrick Soltis, Paul Gordon, Perrin Krisko, Sabareesh Suresh, Tanya Kak, Vandita Sariya, Vanshica Kant, and Vedant Patil

Editors: Caroline Arkalji, Jeffrey D. Bean, and Medha Prasanna

By Vivek Mishra

How does the Indian Ocean fits into the United States’ broader assertion as a regional power, especially with the United States shifting to a more collaborative strategy that emphasizes shared leadership?

By Vivek Mishra

As the US judiciary continues to grapple with its internal divisions, the fallout from such cases similar to Gautam Adani’s situation will likely influence not only US-India relations but also the broader dynamics of international investment and diplomacy.

By Vivek Mishra

Trump’s victory potentially marks a shift on multiple fronts as his second administration will be intent on changing the focus of the US both internally and externally.

By Anit Mukherjee

With the Indian prime minister’s and external affairs minister’s recent visits to Latin America, the engagements are a sign of India’s deepening commitment to improve and strengthen strategic and economic ties with the region where it is still playing catch up to China.

"Rebalancing Globalization: Perspectives from the Global South" attempts to provide a framework for the next phase of globalization that is rebalanced and sustainable and can address issues that matter to the Global South. 

Edited Volume

By Anit Mukherjee, Dhruva Jaishankar, Alan Gelb, Pamla Gopaul, Marta Bengoa, Shayak Sengupta, Aude Darnal, Elizabeth Sidiropoulos, Udaibir Das, Veronica Jijon, and Lorrayne Porciuncula

Editors: Anit Mukherjee and Dhruva Jaishankar

By Surjit S. Bhalla, Karan Bhasin, and Tirthatanmoy Das

Using a structural micro-econometric model, the roles of both the labor market and the household sector in female labor participation are evaluated to analyze the evolution of India’s labor market. 

By Vivek Mishra

While Trump's choices reflect his desire for a loyal team, they also signal his intention to challenge traditional governance structures and pursue a different vision for America's future.

While there is no shortage of analysis and speculation of China’s capabilities and behavior today, it is imperative to keep an eye on longer-term developments and remain open to uncertainties that could shape China’s strategic outlook.

Joint Report

By Shikha Aggarwal, Divyank Chaudhary, Lily McElwee, Aaron Glasserman, Keshav Kelkar, Kento Mashiko, Takuya Matsuda, Helen Mitchell, Philip Rogers, Rena Sasaki, David Saultry, and Neil Thomas

Editors: Dhruva Jaishankar and Greg Brown

By Vivek Mishra

While the Indo-Pacific will continue to receive attention in U.S. policy circles, the approach under Trump may be two-pronged.

By Vivek Mishra

Trump’s recent reelection signals a possible shift in global stability, with a hardline stance on China and strategic alliances in the Indo-Pacific.

By Vivek Mishra

How might Trump’s second administration stay similar to and differ from his first term?

By Udaibir Das

Where do Brics, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank overlap in their newly released communiques on the global economic landscape?

By Vivek Mishra

How have the Trump and Harris campaigns done so far in the views of the American public as Election Day nears?

By Vivek Mishra

What might America’s foreign policy with India look like if led by a Trump administration or a Harris administration?

By Vivek Mishra

How does India’s shift towards individualism impact its relationship with Washington as tensions with China grows?

Background Paper No. 28

By Jackson Lopez