Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America
New Frontiers for India’s Defence Diplomacy

By Dhruva Jaishankar and Ammar Nainar

Once a quiet backstage function of the armed forces, defence diplomacy has emerged as one of India's sharpest tools of statecraft. From joint exercises and training missions to disaster relief and maritime surveillance, India's military now operates far beyond the battlefield: building trust, shaping partnerships, and projecting the country's strategic interests on a rapidly shifting global stage.

New Frontiers for India’s Defence Diplomacy
Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America
The New Eurasian Order: America Must Link Its ...

By Julianne Smith and Lindsey Ford

American allies are rapidly transforming their relationships whether Washington likes it or not; these networks can either serve or undermine U.S. interests depending on how Washington engages with them. If the United States fails to reset ties with Asian and European partners, it risks being left on the sidelines of a rapidly changing world order.

The New Eurasian Order: America Must Link Its Atlantic and Pacific Strategies
Economic Development
ORF America
Why nations now pay more – and give up more – ...

By Udaibir Das

What began as a spread on a bond has become a spread across the sovereign balance sheet. The 2025 annual meetings have made clear that incremental adjustments will not suffice. Until new institutions and norms emerge, sovereigns will continue to pay in basis points and in ownership and discover that what the premium buys is not sovereignty, but postponement.

Why nations now pay more – and give up more – to secure financing
Background Paper, Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America
India and the South Caucasus: Infrastructure, ...

Background Paper No. 36

By Nvard Chalikyan

India and the South Caucasus: Infrastructure, Arms, and Geopolitical Competition
Background Paper, Economic Development
ORF America
Breaking the Trap: Debt Dynamics and ...

Background Paper No. 35

By Udaibir Das and Hansika Nath

Breaking the Trap: Debt Dynamics and Sustainable Finance in the Global South

Bruce McConnell

Cyber Stakeholders: ORF America's Contributions to Multilateralism at the UN Open-Ended Working Group

Cyber Stakeholders: ORF America's Contributions to Multilateralism at the UN Open-Ended Working Group

Contribution from the Cyberspace Cooperation Initiative at the Observer Research Foundation America in the context of the seventh substantive session of the Open-ended Working Group on security of and in the use of information and communications technologies 2021-2025 (March 2024).

Observer Research Foundation America, 1100 17th St. NW, Suite 501, Washington DC 20036 USA