By Udaibir Das
Fiscal space, financial space and institutional credibility are no longer separable policy domains. They are jointly binding constraints. The IMF flagships document their components but not the mechanism.
By Sujai Shivakumar, Hideki Tomoshige, and Jeffrey D. Bean
India is positioning itself as an increasingly important node in the global semiconductor ecosystem, building on its established strengths in chip design and deep pool of STEM talent. These efforts come at a time when global semiconductor supply chains remain highly concentrated, creating opportunities for India to contribute to diversification and resilience.
By Udaibir Das
Under conditions of armed conflict and state rupture, banking shifts away from decentralized intermediation towards directed, survival-orientated finance. Yet the policy conversation has concentrated on sanctions, commodities and trade — the institutional reorganization of banking under conflict remains less well examined.
By Udaibir Das
Adopted by the National People’s Congress in March 2026, China’s 15th Five-Year Plan does not treat finance as a supporting function for economic growth. It treats finance as a strategic instrument of technological capability.
By Dhruva Jaishankar
For countries around the world — whether allies, partners, or competitors of the United States — there are important and immediate questions of how much and to what degree they will accommodate, or hedge against, the United States’ new approach to the world.
By Andreas Kuehn
Technology alliances are emerging as the decisive arena of AI competition, where leadership depends less on model breakthroughs than on the global diffusion of trusted infrastructure, standards, and ecosystems.
By Linda Nhon and Andreas Kuehn
Trump 2.0’s overall policy directions in critical and emerging technologies will likely hew to common expectations. The details, however, of what technologies the new administration will prioritise and how actions, such as tariffs and export controls for example, will affect the United States’ (US) innovation and technology leadership remains underexplored.
By Andreas Kuehn and Trisha Ray
To examine the policies and their challenges, this chapter draws from in-depth, expert interviews with current and former government officials, trade associations, industry decision-makers, and technology experts, as well as a systematic document analysis of publicly available government and corporate documents.
By Andreas Kuehn & Alexandra Paulus
Governments and industry have become increasingly aware of the security risk that software supply chains can cause if not managed properly.
By Andreas Kuehn
Supply chain breakdowns and disruptions through cyber or other means can have
significant regional and global effects.
By Andreas Kuehn
The industry has for long been criticized for not paying sufficient attention to the cybersecurity of its products.
By Andreas Kuehn
The global surge in demand for critical materials has given rise to new geopolitics.
By Andreas Kuehn & Sven Herpig
The EU must define what it understands as active cyber defence and how it relates to other cyber policy issues.
By Dr. Andreas Kuehn & Vaibhav Garg
A centralized, prescriptive approach may struggle with scalability, device diversity, and deployment complexity.
Originally published in Digital Frontiers, Observer Research Foundation
By Dr. Andreas Kuehn and Jan-Peter Kleinhans
By Dr. Andreas Kuehn, Jared Mondschein, and Aaron Clark-Ginsberg
Originally published in Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 67
Observer Research Foundation America, 1100 17th St. NW, Suite 501, Washington DC 20036 USA
