Economic Development
ORF America
The arc of ascent of China’s financial system

By Udaibir Das

China must build on its institutional progress and the policy suggestions noted in the 2025 FSSA while adapting to a more fragmented global financial landscape. The shift from insulation, as pointed out by the IMF in 2010, as well as the shift to sensible integration, as outlined by the IMF in 2025, stays unfinished.

The arc of ascent of China’s financial system
Background Paper, Technology Policy
ORF America
China’s Critical Mineral Export Controls: ...

Background Paper No. 32

By Abhisri Nath & Jeffrey D. Bean

China’s Critical Mineral Export Controls: Background & Chokepoints
Economic Development
ORF America
Capital crunch stifles entrepreneurs in ...

By Udaibir Das

As concessional finance declines, vulnerabilities mount and aid priorities shift, vulnerable low-income countries must increasingly rely on domestic sources of funding. Efficient capital markets are not a luxury – they are foundational infrastructure for economic growth.

Capital crunch stifles entrepreneurs in low-income economies
Background Paper, Technology Policy
ORF America
The Road Ahead for U.S. Policy on Artificial ...

Background Paper No. 31

By Sarah Box

The Road Ahead for U.S. Policy on Artificial Intelligence
Technology Policy
ORF America
Navigating the Entanglements in the U.S.-China ...

By Linda Nhon and Andreas Kuehn

Trump 2.0’s overall policy directions in critical and emerging technologies will likely hew to common expectations. The details, however, of what technologies the new administration will prioritise and how actions, such as tariffs and export controls for example, will affect the United States’ (US) innovation and technology leadership remains underexplored.

Navigating the Entanglements in the U.S.-China Quantum Technology Race

Technology Policy

Navigating the Entanglements in the U.S.-China Quantum Technology Race

Navigating the Entanglements in the U.S.-China Quantum Technology Race

By Linda Nhon and Andreas Kuehn

Trump 2.0’s overall policy directions in critical and emerging technologies will likely hew to common expectations. The details, however, of what technologies the new administration will prioritise and how actions, such as tariffs and export controls for example, will affect the United States’ (US) innovation and technology leadership remains underexplored.

Cyber Stakeholders: ORF America's Contributions to Multilateralism at the UN Open-Ended Working Group

Cyber Stakeholders: ORF America's Contributions to Multilateralism at the UN Open-Ended Working Group

Contribution from the Cyberspace Cooperation Initiative at the Observer Research Foundation America in the context of the seventh substantive session of the Open-ended Working Group on security of and in the use of information and communications technologies 2021-2025 (March 2024).

Cutting-Edge Technologies in Developing Economies: The Case of India’s Semiconductor Industry

By Andreas Kuehn and Trisha Ray

To examine the policies and their challenges, this chapter draws from in-depth, expert interviews with current and former government officials, trade associations, industry decision-makers, and technology experts, as well as a systematic document analysis of publicly available government and corporate documents.

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