Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America
The New Eurasian Order: America Must Link Its ...

By Julianne Smith and Lindsey Ford

American allies are rapidly transforming their relationships whether Washington likes it or not; these networks can either serve or undermine U.S. interests depending on how Washington engages with them. If the United States fails to reset ties with Asian and European partners, it risks being left on the sidelines of a rapidly changing world order.

The New Eurasian Order: America Must Link Its Atlantic and Pacific Strategies
Economic Development
ORF America
Why nations now pay more – and give up more – ...

By Udaibir Das

What began as a spread on a bond has become a spread across the sovereign balance sheet. The 2025 annual meetings have made clear that incremental adjustments will not suffice. Until new institutions and norms emerge, sovereigns will continue to pay in basis points and in ownership and discover that what the premium buys is not sovereignty, but postponement.

Why nations now pay more – and give up more – to secure financing
Background Paper, Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America
India and the South Caucasus: Infrastructure, ...

Background Paper No. 36

By Nvard Chalikyan

India and the South Caucasus: Infrastructure, Arms, and Geopolitical Competition
Background Paper, Economic Development
ORF America
Breaking the Trap: Debt Dynamics and ...

Background Paper No. 35

By Udaibir Das and Hansika Nath

Breaking the Trap: Debt Dynamics and Sustainable Finance in the Global South
Economic Development
ORF America
The sovereignty premium countries pay for ...

By Udaibir Das

In a climate emergency, redundancy might be precisely what resilience requires. The sovereignty premium is that insurance price. Whether it’s worth paying depends on how much autonomy matters versus efficiency – and whether choice exists at all.

The sovereignty premium countries pay for financial autonomy

Terri B Chapman

Observer Research Foundation America, 1100 17th St. NW, Suite 501, Washington DC 20036 USA