Special Report, Energy & Climate
ORF America
Greening Steel in a Fragmented World: Aligning ...

Special Report No. 10

By Piyush Verma, Caroline Arkalji, and Telmen Altanshagai

Greening Steel in a Fragmented World: Aligning Markets, Technology, and Finance
Economic Development
ORF America
Growth, finance, fiscal: reading the IMF ...

By Udaibir Das

Fiscal space, financial space and institutional credibility are no longer separable policy domains. They are jointly binding constraints. The IMF flagships document their components but not the mechanism.

Growth, finance, fiscal: reading the IMF flagships together
Technology Policy
ORF America
Expanding India’s Role in the International ...

By Sujai Shivakumar, Hideki Tomoshige, and Jeffrey D. Bean

India is positioning itself as an increasingly important node in the global semiconductor ecosystem, building on its established strengths in chip design and deep pool of STEM talent. These efforts come at a time when global semiconductor supply chains remain highly concentrated, creating opportunities for India to contribute to diversification and resilience. 

Expanding India’s Role in the International Semiconductor Ecosystem
Economic Development
ORF America
When conflicts rewire banks

By Udaibir Das

Under conditions of armed conflict and state rupture, banking shifts away from decentralized intermediation towards directed, survival-orientated finance. Yet the policy conversation has concentrated on sanctions, commodities and trade — the institutional reorganization of banking under conflict remains less well examined.

When conflicts rewire banks
Economic Development
ORF America
Can China build a financial powerhouse by 2030?

By Udaibir Das

Adopted by the National People’s Congress in March 2026, China’s 15th Five-Year Plan does not treat finance as a supporting function for economic growth. It treats finance as a strategic instrument of technological capability.

Can China build a financial powerhouse by 2030?

Smart Cities as Large Technological Systems: Collective Action Problems as Organizational Barriers to Urban Digital Transformation

Smart Cities as Large Technological Systems: Collective Action Problems as Organizational Barriers to Urban Digital Transformation

By Andreas Kuehn

In a race to develop ‘smart cities’, policymakers in metropolitan regions across the world are rapidly deploying IoT devices, sensors, and emerging ICTs, including AI and facial recognition to solve various urban governance challenges, including the need to increase efficiencies, and empower citizens.

Observer Research Foundation America, 1100 17th St. NW, Suite 501, Washington DC 20036 USA