Energy & Climate
ORF America
How China’s Rare Earth Export Restrictions ...

By Ashwini Thakre and Piyush Verma

China’s diplomatic control over sector may become the very trigger that unwinds its dominance. By weaponizing concentration, Beijing accelerated diversification efforts that many democracies had treated as optional. The shock exposed the liabilities of a system built on single-country dependence and encouraged a coordinated wave of investment across the United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea, and Australia.

How China’s Rare Earth Export Restrictions Triggered Diversification
Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America
Can India and Taiwan Cooperate on Submarines?

By Benjamin Tkach and Vasabjit Banerjee

Submarine production difficulties affect the global marketplace and place a premium on domestic production. India’s pursuit of untested technologies elevates its risk, while Taiwan’s domestically produced system relies on foreign components. Both, therefore, have a lot to benefit from engineering and design cooperation in submarine production.  

Can India and Taiwan Cooperate on Submarines?
Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America
Dharma, Just War Theory, and the U.S.-India ...

By James Diddams

When Indians speak of dharma and Americans speak of responsibility to protect, they are not speaking from the same tradition, yet they are addressing the same basic problems: How should a political community understand itself as accountable for the use of power?

Dharma, Just War Theory, and the U.S.-India Partnership
Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America
India’s AI Strategy: Implications for ...

By Dhruva Jaishankar

Shaped by its own national objectives, advantages, and limitations, India’s AI strategy stands out in several ways, with implications for the country’s AI infrastructure and its relationship with the United States.

India’s AI Strategy: Implications for India-U.S. Relations
Foreign Policy & Security
ORF America
China, Pakistan, and the Prospects of War

By Dhruva Jaishankar

The prospects of a major war involving China and the United States, and a limited war between Pakistan and India, are perhaps higher in the next three years than they have been over the preceding quarter century. Moreover, these two scenarios are connected by an increasingly intertwined China-Pakistan military relationship, which now extends beyond arms transfers to shared networks and emulated doctrines.

China, Pakistan, and the Prospects of War

Jeffrey Bean

A New Code for Cyber Intrusion Capabilities: Pall Mall

A New Code for Cyber Intrusion Capabilities: Pall Mall

By Elsa Debargue and Jeffrey D. Bean

The Pall Mall Process is a work in progress, and only time will tell if it proves durable and successful. However, it does hint at a potential turning point in current cyber governance efforts by adapting to the realities of a decentralized, privatized, and often invisible marketplace of digital intrusion.

Trump’s Reversal on AI Diffusion Controls Raises New Questions

Trump’s Reversal on AI Diffusion Controls Raises New Questions

By Jeffrey D. Bean

All in all, the United States’ oscillating policy on AI diffusion reflects an ongoing struggle in how best to simultaneously retain U.S. leadership in semiconductors and advance compute for AI at both a market level and in national defense applications, while blocking adversaries’ access to advanced AI chips and the capability to manufacture them.

The U.S. Defense Industry Still Faces a Chip Challenge

The U.S. Defense Industry Still Faces a Chip Challenge

By Jeffrey D. Bean and Andreas Kuehn

Looking ahead, as the Department of Defense strives to incorporate and utilize more AI chips, it will need to secure access to leading nodes for edge chips and the confidence in pathways to use greater allocations of secure cloud services for advanced computing.

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