By Sapna Suresh
It is not just on trade and market access that Washington and Brussels are competing for favor in India. Their competition extends to defense and security and to migration and mobility.
Muscles in Brussels? Europe’s Uneven Rearmament
India’s Growing Defense Industry Offers Opportunities for U.S. Production
By Ammar Nainar
The Iran War has already had a severe impact on the United States’ arms and ammunition inventory. The new demands for arms and munitions come just as India has begun to improve its domestic weapons manufacturing and promote defense exports. In the coming years, this offers opportunities for India and the United States to cooperate in defense manufacturing at scale.
Why Colombia’s 2026 Election Matters for U.S. Foreign Policy
CTIP: An Avenue for EU-India Clean Industrial Collaboration
Why Asia Cannot Replace Gulf Crude Easily
India’s LPG Shortage: An Opportunity for Energy Subsidy Reforms
By Anit Mukherjee
The current crisis in the Middle East has demonstrated that ensuring energy security will remain a challenge for policymakers in the foreseeable future, especially for countries like India. At the same time, the current disruption provides an opportunity to initiate and build on energy sector reforms to make sure that countries are better prepared to deal with such shocks in the future.
Beyond ASML: Japan-South Korea-UAE-India Cooperation on Semiconductor Sovereignty
By Siddharth Yadav and Khush Advani
As AI reshapes economies, militaries, and societies, the nations that control the hardware pipeline will shape the rules of the emerging order. At present, that pipeline runs through a single bottleneck in Veldhoven, Netherlands. For middle powers, the choice is to either accept permanent dependency on a supply chain governed by the strategic priorities of others, or invest collectively in an alternative.
U.S.-India AI Cooperation Hinges on Standards and Infrastructure
Beyond Oil: How the Hormuz Closure Affects Defense Industries, Data Centers, Critical Minerals, and More
An Unstructured U.S. Critical Mineral Strategy Takes Shape
By Jeffrey D. Bean
If the U.S. government can facilitate practical, targeted bilateral engagements for mining and processing under the banner of Pax Silica and FORGE, these could support derisking semiconductor, AI, and critical mineral supply chains provided key Global South actors are engaged effectively and equitably.
The UAE, Bahrain, and the Security of the Strait of Hormuz
By Mahdi Ghuloom and Cauvery Ganapathy
What is noteworthy is that the UAE and Bahrain, two countries which have consistently advocated for a diplomatic resolution to the dispute, have now been forced to pivot towards seeking a more proactive approach aimed at securing the Strait under a UN-supported coalition.
The Iran War's Impact on Food, Fertilizers, and Water
By Arnold Musungu, Leigh Mante, and Reem Sagahyroon
The ensuing crisis in the Middle East is intensifying food and water insecurity, climate systems, and agricultural production. The Climate and Energy program from ORF Middle East provides concise analysis of these impacts and reflections on potential pathways forward.
AI Deployment By Cities Carries Benefits, But Needs Safeguards
By Manish Thakre
As local governments increasingly rely on private vendors, building institutional capacity is essential to ensure AI technologies serve the public interest. Decisions about what AI systems to buy, and under what conditions, determine to what extent these systems benefit citizens or produce harmful outcomes.
India’s Navy Is Already Supporting Regional Security Around the Strait of Hormuz
By Ammar Nainar
Disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz resulting from the conflict between the United States and Israel, on the one hand, and Iran on the other, threaten to create another global energy crisis. India has many reasons to proactively take such action: the closure of the Strait of Hormuz risks exacerbating the country’s energy shortages and food insecurity.
Winners and Losers from the Strait of Hormuz Crisis
What Venezuela Could Learn from Iraq's Oil Export Challenges
By Cauvery Ganapathy
In Venezuela’s case, as was the case with Iraq, it is the systematic domestic mismanagement of its resources coupled with inequities of political agency that diminished the value of its natural wealth. American engagement in Venezuela’s oil sector may soon demonstrate, like it did in the United States’ Iraqi sojourn, how deep-rooted these structural fractures are.
Four Barriers to Decarbonizing the Steel Industry
The Iran War's Implications for the Gulf: Three Expert Perspectives
By Samriddhi Vij, Kabir Taneja, and Akram Zaoui
Ten days into the U.S.-Israel strikes on Iran, the conflict has entered a more entrenched phase. With air and maritime connectivity significantly disrupted and President Trump maintaining uncompromising rhetoric, Gulf leaderships find themselves navigating a precarious balance between containment and active self-defense. ORF Middle East experts offer their concise analysis on the latest developments.
