By Raul Alfaro-Pelico
With COP31 taking place in Antalya this month, it is increasingly clear that Africa’s biggest challenge is not lack of capital but means to unlock it in its physical, natural, and social forms.
By Raul Alfaro-Pelico
With COP31 taking place in Antalya this month, it is increasingly clear that Africa’s biggest challenge is not lack of capital but means to unlock it in its physical, natural, and social forms.
By Akram Zaoui
Unlocking the full potential of digital labour platforms will require removing regulatory barriers and enhancing the institutional, legal, and physical infrastructure.
By Piyush Verma and Medha Prasanna
Democrats will now chair relevant committees, set the agenda, and hold the power of the purse, but will still confront the prospect of a presidential veto. This has important implications for U.S. energy policy.
By Arpan Tulsyan
AI is changing how education can be delivered, while Industry 4.0 is creating new learning and skills requirements in the labour market. How can education systems build adaptable skills that lead to productive employment?
By Dhaval Desai
Urbanisation in Asia and Africa will intensify pressure on land and infrastructure amidst worsening climate hazards and the growing need to curb carbon emissions. The defining innovation of this urban century will therefore be institutional: building the authority, fiscal capacity, and governing systems that cities need to adapt before unsustainable urban form and inequality become entrenched.
By Medha Prasanna
As countries race to connect renewable generation, expand transmission, and meet surging demand from data centers, electricity grids are being built at unprecedented speeds. Building quantum-safe cryptography while equipment is being designed and procured is far easier than retrofitting it later.
By Shailesh Mishra and Uma Vatsa
What quantum computing could change, if it works, is the ceiling on what the decades after that can build, because the limits on ammonia, energy storage, and electricity transmission are set by chemistry we cannot currently calculate. Those limits are already known. Describing them precisely enough to hand to a machine is work that can start now.
By Prateek Tripathi
Though the field of quantum computing is not mature enough to provide remarkable practical applications at the moment, recent developments serve to exemplify the asymmetric nature of quantum technology development and how multiple incremental advancements can potentially lead to overall progress.
By Amoha Basrur and Pranoy Jainendran
With applications already spanning the automotive, aerospace, and data-centre sectors, spintronics has become a strategic priority for countries with the manufacturing capacity to compete for it, driving targeted R&D funding, national roadmaps, and industry partnerships aimed at securing technological leadership and supply chain resilience.
By Siddharth Yadav
Global corporate AI investment reached US$581.7 billion in 2025, more than double the previous year’s total, with most of it flowing to the economies that already dominate research and hardware. Economies with nascent domestic digital infrastructure, investment vehicles, research ecosystems, and governance frameworks risk being marginalized by the AI-driven future.
By Gopalika Arora
The retrenchment of finance is not merely a result of a temporary slowdown in climate finance commitments by the developed countries. It may also signal a deeper restructuring of the climate finance architecture driven by changing institutional priorities within the multilateral system that was expected to anchor the transition.
By Andreas Kuehn and Cauvery Ganapathy
While the integration of AI offers benefits for the optimization of energy systems through grid management, renewable energy integration, predictive maintenance, and accurate forecasting of alternative forms of energy, its energy-intensive nature could also negatively impact the countries and ecosystems seeking to adopt it.
By Medha Prasanna
The oil age will not end because the world runs out of oil, but because oil reserves stop being worth pumping. The UAE has moved fast, not as just a knee-jerk reaction to the conflict in the region, but as a strategic divergence.
By Uma Vatsa and Shailesh Mishra
The AI industry is making large, long-lived bets on future demand, even as the technology itself is becoming more efficient. If AI systems become cheaper to run, more efficient to train, or less dependent on massively centralized compute, some of today’s infrastructure may prove oversized, poorly located, or economically fragile.
Observer Research Foundation America, 1100 17th St. NW, Suite 501, Washington DC 20036 USA