Background Paper No. 39
By Anit Mukherjee and Caroline Arkalji
ORF Global Quarterly: Navigating Megatrends For 2026
Edited Volume
By Dhruva Jaishankar, Anit Mukherjee, Anirban Sarma, Mannat Jaspal, Nilanjan Ghosh, and Sunaina Kumar
Editors: Sharon Stirling and Eszter Karacsony
Digital Public Infrastructure and the Future of Digital Payments: Lessons from Pix and UPI
Digital Payments and Women’s Empowerment: Insights From PESP in the Chittagong Hill Tracts
By Brian Webster, Alan Gelb, and Anit Mukherjee
Shifting the payment of social transfers from cash to direct deposit via bank or mobile money accounts can directly improve efficiency for governments and convenience for beneficiaries. It may also produce positive spillovers such as boosting financial inclusion and empowering women. But do these spillovers materialize, and under what circumstances?
Two Months From COP30, Climate Commitments Are Falling Short
By Anit Mukherjee
With only two months left for the start of the leaders’ summit in Belém, the future of climate action seems to be based more on hope than conviction. A positive outcome from COP30 will require stronger commitment from the global community than what we have seen until now.
Resurrecting the Development Agenda in the G20: Examining Policy Continuity across Global South Presidencies
Indo-Pacific Digital Networks for the Future
By Anit Mukherjee
The Indo-Pacific’s future will be shaped by secure, interoperable digital systems that advance public service delivery, expand financial inclusion, and foster cross-border collaboration.
Bridging the AI Divide: A BRICS Strategy for Inclusive Innovation, Sovereignty, and Capacity Building
By Anit Mukherjee
As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes a key enabler of economic and social transformation, the BRICS grouping — comprising both emerging and influential economies — has a unique opportunity to shape the trajectory of AI development through a Global South lens.
Energy Transition and Global South Cooperation: Case of Biofuels
Digital Public Infrastructure as a Catalyst for Private Sector Innovation: Lessons from Fintech Sector in India
India must seize the opportunities in Latin America
By Anit Mukherjee
With the Indian prime minister’s and external affairs minister’s recent visits to Latin America, the engagements are a sign of India’s deepening commitment to improve and strengthen strategic and economic ties with the region where it is still playing catch up to China.
Rebalancing Globalization: Perspectives From the Global South
"Rebalancing Globalization: Perspectives from the Global South" attempts to provide a framework for the next phase of globalization that is rebalanced and sustainable and can address issues that matter to the Global South.
Edited Volume
By Anit Mukherjee, Dhruva Jaishankar, Alan Gelb, Pamla Gopaul, Marta Bengoa, Shayak Sengupta, Aude Darnal, Elizabeth Sidiropoulos, Udaibir Das, Veronica Jijon, and Lorrayne Porciuncula
Editors: Anit Mukherjee and Dhruva Jaishankar
South-South Climate Finance Cooperation
Anit Mukherjee's Interview in Mondato
LiFE Lessons: Rethinking Policies for Lifestyles for Sustainable Development
Delivering Digital G2P Payments to Urban Informal Populations
By Anit Mukherjee, Ubah Thomas Ubah, Brian Webster, Wendy Cunningham, and Georgina Marin
Using data from three countries, this paper finds that digital government-to-person (G2P) payments were effective in reaching urban informal sector beneficiaries quickly and safely during the COVID-19 crisis.
Digital Development: Emulating India's Digital Public Infrastructure to Reach the Sustainable Development Goals
Cash Transfers in the Context of Energy Subsidy Reform: Insights from Recent Experience
By Anit Mukherjee, Yuko Okamura, Ugo Gentilini, Defne Gencer, Mohamed Almenfi, Adea Kryeziu, Miriam Montenegro, and Nithin Umapathi
Over the past several decades, as part of the evolving understanding of energy subsidy reforms, there has been growing recognition of the potential of targeted cash transfers to support the poor and vulnerable to help governments achieve desired policy outcomes at lower fiscal cost and in a sustainable manner.
Rebooting Development Finance: An Agenda for Reforming Multilateral Development Banks
India rising as leader of emerging economies. Now Delhi must ally with Latin America too
By Anit Mukherjee & José Barrera
The Raisina Dialogue held in New Delhi in March 2023 provided a forum where officials, academics, and leaders from around the world, including Latin America, met to discuss global governance issues.