By Udaibir Das
Global financial institutions continue to frame the 2026 outlook for emerging markets through a familiar cyclical lens. The consensus assumes U.S. monetary easing, a softer dollar and a modest global slowdown will favor local-currency assets, credible disinflation paths and balance-sheet repair. This narrative is historically grounded and internally coherent. It is also increasingly insufficient.
By Medha Prasanna
Without intentional strategies to strengthen energy infrastructure, the Global South will remain largely a consumer of AI technologies.
By Brian Webster, Alan Gelb, and Anit Mukherjee
Shifting the payment of social transfers from cash to direct deposit via bank or mobile money accounts can directly improve efficiency for governments and convenience for beneficiaries. It may also produce positive spillovers such as boosting financial inclusion and empowering women. But do these spillovers materialize, and under what circumstances?
By Udaibir Das
The Trevor Manuel G20 Africa Expert Panel Report reframes Africa’s constraints as a single system of mispricing, debt compression and governance asymmetry. Its proposals for refinancing, collective bargaining and International Monetary Fund quota reform mark the first coordinated attempt to shift power within the international financial architecture.
By Shayak Sengupta, Medha Prasanna and Peter Jarka-Sellers
The Agenda 2030 Partnership builds on nearly two decades of cooperation between the US and India on energy and climate issues.
By Shayak Sengupta and Sagatom Saha
The Inflation Reduction Act is Washington’s boldest climate policy ever—but still woefully insufficient.
By Shayak Sengupta, Neha Khanna, Casper Sonesson, Daniel Suryadarma, Aanandita Sikka, Edoardo Tancioni, Sagatom Saha, Budy Resosudarmo
Economywide decarbonization is essential for achieving the climate goals set in the Paris Agreement.
By Shayak Sengupta, and Sagatom Saha
The era of green subsidies is shaping the transition to a cleaner future, but, absent global cooperation, developing countries risk being left behind.
By Shayak Sengupta
So far, the Biden administration has relied on a series of ad hoc agreements to deal with international reactions from the IRA, but it needs a proactive approach.
The focus of this issue of the U.S.-India Energy Monitor is hydrogen in the United States and India.
Special Report
By Shayak Sengupta, Medha Prasanna, and Peter Jarka-Sellers
By Shayak Sengupta, Sumil K Thakrar, Kirat Singh, Rahul Tongia, Jason D. Hill, Ines M. L. Azevedo, and Peter J. Adams
Air pollution and greenhouse gases from India's coal-dominant electricity system causes widespread, premature deaths in the country.
The focus of this issue of the U.S.-India Energy Monitor is natural gas in the United States and India.
Special Report
By Shayak Sengupta
By Shayak Sengupta, Peter Adams, Thomas Deetjen, Puneet Kamboj, Swati D'Souza, Rahul Tongia, and Inês Azevedo
Electricity consumption and emissions of states in India are similar to differences between those of entire countries.
India Climate Update is produced by Observer Research Foundation America (ORF America), Observer Research Foundation (ORF) and facilitated and distributed by ClimateWorks Foundation.
The focus of this issue of the U.S.-India Energy Monitor is the wind sector in the United States and India.
Special Report
By Shayak Sengupta & Jahanvi Singh
A focus of this issue is the coal sector in the United States in India.
Special Report
By Shayak Sengupta & Jahanvi Singh
By Shayak Sengupta, Thomas Spencer, Neshwin Rodrigues, Raghav Pachouri, Shubham Thakare, Peter Adams, Rahul Tongia, Inês Azevedo
As electricity demand and living standards in India increase, the country will plug in new technology like electric vehicles and air conditioners.
By Tapas Peshin, Shayak Sengupta, and Inês Azevedo
Compared to their conventional counterparts, electric vehicles may reduce greenhouse gas emissions in many states in India, but also increase air pollution from electricity generation because most Indian coal plants do not control their air pollution emissions.
By Shayak Sengupta & Rama T. Ponangi
India’s nuclear isolation came to an end with the help of civilian nuclear deals with the United States and its allies. Yet Russia has more influence on the Indian nuclear power market.
A particular focus of this issue is solar energy in the United States and India. Solar will be key to reducing emissions and decarbonizing the energy systems of both countries.
Special Report
By Shayak Sengupta & Ammar Nainar
India Climate Update is produced by Observer Research Foundation America (ORF America), Observer Research Foundation (ORF) and facilitated and distributed by ClimateWorks Foundation.
India Climate Update is produced by Observer Research Foundation America (ORF America), Observer Research Foundation (ORF) and facilitated and distributed by ClimateWorks Foundation.
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